Impoliteness strategies used by Donald Trump and Joe Biden in the 2024 United States presidential debate
This study examines the impoliteness strategies used by Donald Trump and Joe Biden in selected sections of the 2024 U.S. presidential debate, as selected by CNN. The aim is to understand how both candidates used impoliteness as a communication strategy during the debate. This study uses a qualitative approach with quantitative data as support. The theories used in this study are impoliteness theory by Culpeper (1996, 2005, 2011) and Culpeper et al. (2003) which consists of bald on record, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, banter or mock impoliteness, withhold politeness and off-record impoliteness. The findings of this study show differences in that Donald Trump’s most frequently used strategy was Bald on Record, while Joe Biden mostly used Positive Impoliteness. Furthermore, Donald Trump did not apply Withhold Politeness, and Joe Biden did not apply Banter or Mock Impoliteness. Additionally, both candidates did not share any significant similarities in how they used impoliteness. In conclusion, each candidate had their unique strategies of using impoliteness to support them in expressing their ideas to the audiences.