Preface vii
Acknowledgments xi
PART 1 Drawing Communication, Equipment, Fundamentals, and Classification Systems 1
CHAPTER 1. Design as Communication 3
Drawing for Idea Generation 3
Drawing as Design and Presentation Media 4
Drawing as a Guide for Construction 6
Issues Affecting How Interior Designers Communicate 6
CHAPTER 2. Drafting Equipment and Its Care 16
Drawing Tables and Surfaces 17
Drawing Papers and Plastic Film 18
Pencils, Leads, and Pens 19
Parallel Bar, T-square, and Drafting Machines 22
Triangles, Templates, and Compasses 23
Scales 27
Erasers, Erasing Shields, and Brushes 29
Additional Equipment 32
CHAPTER 3. Drawing and Drafting Fundamentals 33
Drawing 33
Drafting 34
Starting the Drawing 35
Drafting Standards, Abbreviations, and Symbols 42
Lettering 44
CHAPTER 4. Drawing Classification Systems 48
Multiview Drawings 48
Single-view Drawings 52
Axonometric Projections 54
Oblique Projections 56
Perspective Drawings 57
PART 2 The Design Process: Transition from Concepts to Construction Drawings 67
CHAPTER 5. Concept Development and the Design Process 69
The Design Process: The Analysis Phase 70
The Synthesis Phase 72
PART 3 Contract Documents 87
CHAPTER 6. Construction Drawings, Specifications, and Contracts 89
Specifications 89
Construction Drawings 95
Guidelines for Preparing Construction Drawings 102
Drawing Conventions and Representations 109
Modular Units 121
CHAPTER 7. As-Built Drawings and Demolition Plans 123
As-Built Drawings 123
Demolition Plans 131
CHAPTER 8. Floor Plans 137
Floor Plans in Modular Units 138
Wall and Partition Types and Construction 146
Scale of Floor Plans 149
Drafting Standards 151
Walls in Plan View 152
Doors and Windows in Plan View 152
Graphic and Text Notation on Floor Plans 157
Architectural Symbols 160
Dimensioning Floor Plans 162
Designation of Materials 166
CHAPTER 9. Fire and Life Safety Plans 177
Building Code Compliance Analysis 177
Fire and Life Safety Plans 180
CHAPTER 10. Elevations 184
Exterior Elevations 184
Interior Elevations 186
Scale of Interior Elevations 187
Drafting Standards for Interior Elevations 189
Designation of Materials 194
Dimensioning Elevations 196
CHAPTER 11. Sections 203
Types of Section Drawings 203
Scale of Section Drawings 206
Drafting Standards 209
Building Sections 210
Sections of Interior Spaces 212
Wall Sections 213
Detail and Object Sections 216
CHAPTER 12. Specialty Drawings 219
Purpose of Specialty Drawings 219
Stairs and Ramps 219
Millwork 228
Cabinetry 235
Fireplaces 241
CHAPTER 13. Door andWindow Schedules 247
Doors 247
Door Classifications: Operation, Types, and Materials 247
Door Hardware 250
Door and Hardware Schedules 254
Windows 260
Window Schedules 263
CHAPTER 14. Finish Schedules and Finish Plans 266
Room Finish Schedules 267
Finish Plans 270
Drafting Standards for Finish Plans 275
CHAPTER 15. Furniture Installation Plans 281
Scale of Furniture Installation Plans 289
Drafting Standards for Furniture Installation Plans 290
Dimensioning Furniture Installation Plans 293
Designation of Materials 293
CHAPTER 16. Furnishings and Equipment Plans 295
Scale of Drawings 299
Drafting Standards 299
Dimensioning Furnishings and Equipment Plans 302
CHAPTER 17. Lighting: Reflected Ceiling and Electrical Plans 306
Lighting Design Process 308
The Reflected Ceiling Plan 324
Types of Ceiling Systems 327
Code Issues Affecting Lighting 332
Electrical or Power Plans 343
PART 4 Structural,Mechanical and Plumbing Systems 353
CHAPTER 18. Structural Systems for Buildings 355
Building Foundations and Footings 356
Foundation Plans 357
Structural Walls and Columns 363
Floor and Roof Systems 363
Framing Plans 365
Floor Framing Plans 366
Roof Framing Plans 369
Roof Plans 371
CHAPTER 19. Mechanical and Plumbing Plans 375
Mechanical (HVAC) Plans 376
Scale of HVAC Plans 380
Drafting Standards for HVAC Plans 381
Designation of HVAC Materials 382
Plumbing Systems and Plans 383
Scale of Plumbing Drawings 389
Drafting Standards for Plumbing Drawings 390
Designation of Materials for Plumbing Plans 390
Dimensioning Plumbing Plans 391
Appendix A. Abbreviations for Construction Drawings 395
Appendix B. Selected 2010 ADA Design Standards 398
Appendix C. Trigonometric Functions: Sines and Cosines of Angles 403
Glossary 405
Index 415
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